C# Component System

Component System enables you to implement your application's logic via a set of building blocks — components, and assign these blocks to nodes, giving them additional functionality. By combining these small and simple blocks you can create a very sophisticated logic system.

A logic component integrates a node and a C# class, containing logic implementation (actions to be performed), defining a set of additional parameters to be used.

Components assigned to a node

Components give you more flexibility in implementing your logic, enabling you to:

Control which parts of code (implemented as component methods) are to be executed, and which of them are not.
Control execution order of these parts of code.
Repeatedly use parts of code, written once, for as many objects as you need, with no modifications required. If you want to change your code, you modify a single source (similar to NodeReferences, if we talk about content).
Combine certain parts of code to be executed for certain nodes. Build a very sophisticated system from numerous small and simple blocks (like you would use a NodeReference to build a large complex structure using many simple nodes).

Before starting coding, you should install required software.

IDE	Supported .NET version
MS Visual Studio Code	8.0.x
MS Visual Studio 2022	8.0.x

Renaming Components#

Ideally, you name things properly from the start. The name should be clean and reflective of what it does. But, sometimes things do change, and suddenly you realize that your component's name has to be changed. Since 2.11 it's not a big deal. Actually, there are two ways you can do it:

Renaming your cs-asset in the Asset Browser. Component class and associated property will be renamed automatically. The only thing you have to do in this case is to replace all references to your component class in your source code with new ones in your preferred IDE via Find&Replace.
Using refactoring tools of your IDE (e.g., Rename symbol in VS Code or Edit -> Refactor -> Rename in Visual Studio). After renaming simply open UnigineEditor — the corresponding cs-asset and associated property will be renamed automatically keeping all references. Please be aware that in this case the name of the cs-file containing implementation of your component will change and the file will be removed from the project by your IDE as a missing one. So, you'll have to add the renamed file back to the project in the IDE.

Essentially components are C# classes inherited from the base Component class.

The work of the C# Component System is based on properties. When you create a new component, it is automatically registered in the Component System and an internal runtime property is created and associated with the component via a GUID. The following Component class attribute is required for proper work of the component.

Source code (C#)

[Component(PropertyGuid = "2ae011355ed7f110a202912faa000cc22276e539")]

Warning

The value of the Component attribute must not be changed.

C# components are listed in the Properties hierarchy, initially they are inherited from the base C# Components property.

NoticeGeneric auto inheritance of components is not supported, you can derive logic implementation from an arbitrary component manually by inheriting its class from the class of the parent component.

Simple Inheritance#

Suppose you have a component implementing certain functionality, and you need a certain number of subcomponents having exactly the same functionality, but different parameter values. This situation is typical when implementing quality presets or configurations of controls. Just inherit a property from the basiс component in the UnigineEditor for each preset and tweak necessary parameter values. After that you can assign these inherited properties to nodes, thus attaching to them the logic of the basic component with parameter values taken from inherited properties. No excessive copy-pasting, no redundant code.

Logic#

Logic of components is implemented via a set of methods, that are called by the corresponding functions of the world script:

Init() — create and initialize all necessary resources.
UpdateAsyncThread() — specify all logic functions you want to be called every frame independent of the rendering thread.

Notice
This method does not have protection locks, so it is not recommended to modify other components inside this method, unless you are absolutely sure, that these components won't be modified or removed elsewhere.
UpdateSyncThread() — specify all parallel logic functions you want to be executed before the Update(). This method can be used to perform some heavy resource-consuming calculations such as pathfinding, generation of procedural textures and so on.

Notice
This method should be used to call only the API methods related to the current node: the node itself, its materials and properties.
Update() — specify all logic functions you want to be called every frame.
PostUpdate() — correct behavior according to the updated node states in the same frame.
UpdatePhysics() — simulate physics: perform continuous operations (pushing a car forward depending on current motor's RPM, simulating a wind blowing constantly, perform immediate collision response, etc.).
Swap() — operate with the results of the updateAsyncThread() method — all other methods (threads) have already been performed and are idle. After this function, only two actions occur:
- All objects that are queued for deletion are deleted.
- Profiler is updated.
Shutdown() — perform cleanup on component shutdown.

Notice

You can set multiple methods for each stage (e.g. multiple Update() methods or just a single Init()).

Warning

The UpdateAsyncThread() and UpdateSyncThread() methods allow calling only thread-safe engine functions.

Parameters#

Components can have parameters that are editable in the Parameters window.

The following entities have auto-generated UI in the Editor based on the data type and the set of attributes:

public fields of the component class
any private and protected fields of the supported types with the [ShowInEditor] option enabled

Source code (C#)

public int public_field;

private int private_field;

[ShowInEditor]
private float private_editable_field;

[HideInEditor]
public float public_hidden_field;

Parameters and their attributes can be declared for editor widgets.

Refer to the Component class for more details on supported parameter types and attributes.

Logic implementation described in a component is active at run time only if the component is assigned to a node and both node and component are enabled.

There are several ways of applying a component to a node:

Select a node, click Add New Property and type the name of a *.cs asset in the Node Properties section of the Node tab. You can do it by dragging the *.cs asset there from the Asset Browser window as well.

Dragging to the node in the Editor Viewport is also supported.
Add a component to a node via code by using the AddComponent<T>(Node node) and Node's AddComponent<T>() functions.

Source code (C#)

NewComponent component = AddComponent<NewComponent>(node);

NewComponent component = node.AddComponent<NewComponent>();

The logic of a certain component is active only when the component and the corresponding node are enabled. Thus, you can enable/disable logic of each particular component at run time when necessary.

You can assign several components to a single node. The sequence, in which the logic of components is executed, is determined by the order value specified for the corresponding methods (if order values are the same or not specified, the sequence is indeterminable).

Components can interact with other components and nodes.

To run a project, click the Play button on the toolbar. This will run an instance of the application in a separate window.

NoticeYou will see a green notification on successful compilation, while the red one signalizes that errors were found. Clicking the red message displays the details in the Console.
			All C# compilation and run-time errors are displayed in the Console.
For error messages to be displayed correctly on Windows, the language for non-Unicode programs should be the same as the current system locale.

Presets of custom run options are available in the list. By default, there is a single Default (Debug) preset with the default run options. Click the gear icon to configure the current selected preset of custom run options.

In the window that opens the following run options are available:

Configuration	UNIGINE Engine build to be used
Video API	Graphics API to be used for rendering: DirectX11 DirectX12 Vulkan
Resolution	Screen size
Fullscreen	Run the instance in one of the following modes: Disable — application shall run in the windowed mode Enable — application shall run in the fullscreen mode Borderless Window — application shall run in the fullwindow mode, when an application window is rendered without decorations
VR Mode	Enable compatibility with one of supported VR headsets: Disable Vive Oculus
Video Debug	Enables the debug context of Vulkan or DirectX: Disable Messages Asserts
Materials Loading Mode	Select the materials loading mode to be used: Fastest Start — minimum memory consumption and maximum Engine loading speed. Recommended for fast iterations during the application development phase. Full Materials — slightly slower loading at Engine's startup and more memory used than for the first mode, but less spikes. Can be used for a small project having a small number of materials (in case of satisfactory performance and sufficient memory amount). Full Materials + Compile Shaders + Load Shaders — this mode ensures stable work and significant spikes reduction, but takes a lot of memory and increases loading time at startup. Recommended for production phase (when you hand over your application to the end user).
Run Current World	Run the current world opened in the Editor regardless of the default world set by logic.
Arguments	A set of startup command-line options.

On changing any custom run option and closing the window, the following actions will be performed depending on the preset selected:

If the Default (Debug) preset is selected in the list, a new *.launch asset file containing the custom run options will be created in the current folder of the Asset Browser. The corresponding preset will be available in the list of presets.
If another preset is selected, changes will be applied to it.

NoticeYou can rename and delete presets of custom run options by renaming and deleting the corresponding *.launch assets.

UnigineEditor automatically re-compiles your C# components as you make code modifications, save them and get back to the Editor. You will see a green notification on successful compilation, while the red one signalizes that errors were found. Clicking the red message displays the details in the Console.

You can inspect the source code of your C# components while your application is running regardless of whether the application is launched via the Play button right in the UnigineEditor, or built and launched from an IDE.

See the Debugging C# Components article for details.

To create a debug or release build of your C# application, use the File -> Create Build option available in UnigineEditor.

See the Packing a Final Build for Publishing article for details.

As an example, you can use components to implement logic of enemies chasing the player in your game: regardless of their size, shape, speed, all of them will check player's position, and try to find a path to move closer to it as fast as they can. The code will be basically the same, it'll just use different parameters (speed, mesh, or sounds maybe), so you can put all these parameters to a component (to be able to change them at any time) and the code to the corresponding component class (e.g. place enemies in the world in the Init() and chase the player in the Update() method).

Then you should simply assign the component to all enemy objects and set up parameters (define meshes, sounds, etc.). The Component System will do the rest: execute your code at the corresponding stages of the Engine's main loop for all enemy objects using their specific parameters. Should you decide to modify your code later, you can do that in a single source — component class.

Integration with the Microprofile tool, enables you to monitor overall performance of the Component System, as well as to add profiling information for your custom components.

In This Article:

See Also#

Requirements#

Creating a Component#

Renaming Components#

Structure of a Component#

Simple Inheritance#

Logic#

Parameters#

Applying Component Logic to a Node#

Running a Project#

Debugging Your C# Components#

Building the Application#

Usage#