组装第一人称设置与控制

To make a main character, we will need a controller node implementing basic player functionality (handling keyboard and mouse input, movement settings, etc.). Attached to this node, we will have a first-person view camera, hands with a gun, and a body imitation to check for collisions with other characters, bullets, and environment. Later we will assign logic components to the nodes to implement shooting, visual effects, etc. Let's start with the character controller.要创建一个主角，我们需要一个实现基本玩家功能的控制器节点（处理键盘鼠标输入、移动设置等）。在这个节点上，我们将附加第一人称视角摄像机、持枪的手部模型，以及用于检测与其他角色、子弹和环境碰撞的体感模拟。后续我们会为这些节点分配逻辑组件来实现射击、视觉效果等功能。现在先从角色控制器开始。

For a first-person setup you will need the hands and weapon models and animations previously created in a 3D modeling software. If you have your own assets, that's great, otherwise you can use our ready-to-use assets available in the data folder.搭建第一人称视角需要用到先前在3D建模软件中创建的手部模型、武器模型及动画。如果你拥有自定义素材那再好不过，否则可以使用我们预置在data文件夹中的现成素材。

We'll start with adding hands, and then attaching a pistol to them. In Asset Browser, find the data/fps/hands/hands.fbx asset and add it to the scene.首先添加手部模型，随后为其装配手枪。在资源浏览器中找到data/fps/hands/hands.fbx资源并将其添加至场景。

To simulate a player's body that takes damage when hit by enemy bullets, let's create an additional object (it will approximate the player's body with a box):为了模拟玩家身体（用于被敌方子弹击中时承受伤害），我们需要创建一个辅助物体（将用长方体近似模拟玩家身体）：

1. In the Menu bar, choose Create → Primitive → Box to create a box primitive of the size (1,1,2), add it to the scene and rename to player_hit_box.在菜单栏选择Create → Primitive → Box（创建→基本体→长方体），创建尺寸为(1,1,2)的长方体，添加至场景后重命名为player_hit_box。

   

2. Add it as a child to the hands Dummy Node and reset its position to the parent one. And for player_hit_box let's enable the Intersection option in the Surfaces section of the Parameters window.将其作为hands虚拟节点（Dummy Node）的子物体，并将位置重置为父级坐标。在Parameters（参数）窗口的Surfaces（曲面）属性中，为player_hit_box启用Intersection（碰撞检测）选项。

   

3. Adjust the position of the player_hit_box so that it is placed immediately below the hands.调整player_hit_box位置使其紧贴手部下方。

4. Make it invisible by clearing its Viewport mask in the Node tab of the Parameters window using the Clear All button. Also clear the Shadow mask to disable shadows rendering. You'll get something like this:在Parameters（参数）窗口的Node（节点）标签页中，使用Clear All（清除全部）按钮清空其Viewport（视口）蒙版以实现隐形。同时清除Shadow（阴影）蒙版以禁用阴影渲染。最终效果如下所示：

   

We'll assign the Health component to it later.后续我们将为其添加Health组件。

Adding a Camera

添加摄像机#

In UNIGINE, you should use the Skinned Mesh with bones for animated models. Our FBX model of hands contains several bones. We can attach the object to a particular bone to make it follow this bone. For this purpose, we use a WorldTransformBone node that has a controlled object (a pistol in our case) as a child, and the Skinned Mesh with bones as its parent.在UNIGINE中，建议使用带有骨骼的蒙皮网格(Skinned Mesh)来处理动画模型。我们的FBX手部模型包含多根骨骼，可以通过将物体绑定到特定骨骼来实现跟随效果。为此需要使用WorldTransformBone节点：以受控对象（本例中的手枪）作为子节点，以带有骨骼的蒙皮网格作为父节点。

1. In the Asset Browser, find the data/fps/pistol/pistol.fbx asset and add it to the scene.在资源浏览器中找到data/fps/pistol/pistol.fbx资源并添加到场景。

2. In the Menu bar, choose Create -> Mesh -> SkinnedBone: a WorldTransformBone node will be created. Add it as a child to the hands Skinned Mesh (the one that is inherited from the hands Dummy Node).菜单栏选择Create -> Mesh -> SkinnedBone，这将创建WorldTransformBone节点。将该节点作为hands蒙皮网格（继承自hands虚拟节点）的子节点。

   

3. In the Bone drop-down list, select joint_hold. This will be the bone to which the pistol will be attached.在Bone下拉菜单中选择joint_hold骨骼（手枪将绑定到此骨骼）。

   

4. Make the pistol a child of the WorldTransformBone node. Reset its relative position and rotation to zero if needed.将手枪设为WorldTransformBone节点的子节点，必要时重置其相对位置和旋转值为零。

   

There is also a number of animations to be used for the hands (idle, walking, shooting). You can check how a certain animation looks like, for example:手部模型配备多种动作动画（待机、行走、射击等），可通过以下方式预览特定动画效果：

1. In the Asset Browser, find the data/fps/hands/hands_animations/hands_pistol_idle.anim file and drag it to the Preview Animation section of the hands Skinned Mesh parameters.在资源浏览器中找到data/fps/hands/hands_animations/hands_pistol_idle.anim文件。将其拖拽到hands蒙皮网格参数的Preview Animation（预览动画）区域。

2. Check the Loop option and click Play.勾选Loop（循环播放）选项并点击Play（播放）按钮。

   

When the character changes its states (shooting, walking forward/backward/left/right), the corresponding animations should change smoothly. Let's implement a component for mixing our animations.当角色状态改变时（射击、前后左右移动），对应的动画需要平滑过渡。我们将实现一个用于混合动画的组件。

To ensure a seamless transition, we need to play two animations simultaneously and blend them. To do so, we will use multiple layers; we can assign different weights to each layer and achieve smooth blending.为了实现无缝过渡，需要同时播放两个动画并进行混合。为此我们将使用多层动画系统，通过为每层分配不同权重来实现平滑混合。

The following scheme shows the blend tree we are going to use:以下是我们要使用的混合树结构：

1. Add a new HandAnimationController component class in the IDE (Project → Add Class).在IDE中添加新组件 HandAnimationController (Project → Add Class)。

   

   Copy and paste the following code to the corresponding files:将以下代码复制并粘贴到相应文件中：

   HandAnimationController.h

   源代码 (C++)

   #pragma once
   #include <UnigineComponentSystem.h>
   #include <UnigineGame.h>
   #include "FirstPersonController.h"
   class HandAnimationController :
       public Unigine::ComponentBase
   {
   public:
   	COMPONENT_DEFINE(HandAnimationController, Unigine::ComponentBase);
   
   	PROP_PARAM(Node, player_node, nullptr);
   
   	PROP_PARAM(Float, moveAnimationSpeed, 30.0f);
   	PROP_PARAM(Float, shootAnimationSpeed, 30.0f);
   	PROP_PARAM(Float, idleWalkMixDamping, 5.0f);
   	PROP_PARAM(Float, walkDamping, 5.0f);
   	PROP_PARAM(Float, shootDamping, 1.0f);
   
   	// 动画设置
   	PROP_PARAM(File, idleAnimation);
   	PROP_PARAM(File, moveForwardAnimation);
   	PROP_PARAM(File, moveBackwardAnimation);
   	PROP_PARAM(File, moveRightAnimation);
   	PROP_PARAM(File, moveLeftAnimation);
   	PROP_PARAM(File, shootAnimation);
   
   	// 注册在World Logic各阶段调用的方法
   	COMPONENT_INIT(init);
   	COMPONENT_UPDATE(update);
   
   	Unigine::Math::vec2 getLocalMovementVector();
   	void shoot();
   
   protected:
   	// 声明在World Logic各阶段调用的方法
   	void init();
   	void update();
   
   private:
   	FirstPersonController *fpsController = nullptr;
   
   	Unigine::ObjectMeshSkinnedPtr meshSkinned = nullptr;
   	float currentIdleWalkMix = 0.0f; // 0 待机动画, 1 行走动画
   	float currentShootMix = 0.0f; // 0 待机/行走混合, 1 射击动画
   	float currentWalkForward = 0.0f;
   	float currentWalkBackward = 0.0f;
   	float currentWalkRight = 0.0f;
   	float currentWalkLeft = 0.0f;
   
   	float currentWalkIdleMixFrame = 0.0f;
   	float currentShootFrame = 0.0f;
   	int numShootAnimationFrames = 0;
   
   	// 设置动画层数量
   	const int numLayers = 6;
   };

   HandAnimationController.cpp

   源代码 (C++)

   #include "HandAnimationController.h"
   
   REGISTER_COMPONENT(HandAnimationController);
   using namespace Unigine;
   using namespace Math;
   
   Unigine::Math::vec2 HandAnimationController::getLocalMovementVector()
   {
   		return Math::vec2(
   			Math::dot(fpsController->getSlopeAxisY(), fpsController->getHorizontalVelocity()),
   			Math::dot(fpsController->getSlopeAxisX(), fpsController->getHorizontalVelocity())
   		);
   
   }
   
   void HandAnimationController::init()
   {
   	fpsController = ComponentSystem::get()->getComponent<FirstPersonController>(player_node);
   
   	// 获取组件所属节点
   	// 并将其转换为ObjectMeshSkinned类型
   	meshSkinned = checked_ptr_cast<Unigine::ObjectMeshSkinned>(node);
   
   	// 为每个对象设置动画层数量
   	meshSkinned->setNumLayers(numLayers);
   
   	// 为每层设置动画
   	meshSkinned->setLayerAnimationFilePath(0, FileSystem::guidToPath(FileSystem::getGUID(idleAnimation.getRaw())));
   	meshSkinned->setLayerAnimationFilePath(1, FileSystem::guidToPath(FileSystem::getGUID(moveForwardAnimation.getRaw())));
   	meshSkinned->setLayerAnimationFilePath(2, FileSystem::guidToPath(FileSystem::getGUID(moveBackwardAnimation.getRaw())));
   	meshSkinned->setLayerAnimationFilePath(3, FileSystem::guidToPath(FileSystem::getGUID(moveRightAnimation.getRaw())));
   	meshSkinned->setLayerAnimationFilePath(4, FileSystem::guidToPath(FileSystem::getGUID(moveLeftAnimation.getRaw())));
   	meshSkinned->setLayerAnimationFilePath(5, FileSystem::guidToPath(FileSystem::getGUID(shootAnimation.getRaw())));
   
   	int animation = meshSkinned->getLayerAnimationResourceID(5);
   	numShootAnimationFrames = meshSkinned->getLayerNumFrames(5);
   
   	// 启用所有动画层
   	for (int i = 0; i < numLayers; ++i)
   		meshSkinned->setLayerEnabled(i, true);
   }
   
   void HandAnimationController::shoot()
   {
   	// 启用射击动画
   	currentShootMix = 1.0f;
   	// 将动画层帧数重置为0
   	currentShootFrame = 0.0f;
   }
   
   void HandAnimationController::update()
   {
   	vec2 movementVector = getLocalMovementVector();
   
   	// 检查角色是否在移动
   	bool isMoving = movementVector.length2() > Math::Consts::EPS;
   	// 输入处理：检查是否按下"开火"按钮
   	bool isShooting = Input::isMouseButtonDown(Input::MOUSE_BUTTON_LEFT);
   	if (isShooting)
   		shoot();
   
   	// 计算各层权重的目标值
   	float targetIdleWalkMix = (isMoving) ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
   	float targetWalkForward = (float)Math::max(0.0f, movementVector.x);
   	float targetWalkBackward = (float)Math::max(0.0f, -movementVector.x);
   	float targetWalkRight = (float)Math::max(0.0f, movementVector.y);
   	float targetWalkLeft = (float)Math::max(0.0f, -movementVector.y);
   
   	// 应用当前层权重
   	float idleWeight = 1.0f - currentIdleWalkMix;
   	float walkMixWeight = currentIdleWalkMix;
   	float shootWalkIdleMix = 1.0f - currentShootMix;
   
   	meshSkinned->setLayerWeight(0, shootWalkIdleMix * idleWeight);
   	meshSkinned->setLayerWeight(1, shootWalkIdleMix * walkMixWeight * currentWalkForward);
   	meshSkinned->setLayerWeight(2, shootWalkIdleMix * walkMixWeight * currentWalkBackward);
   	meshSkinned->setLayerWeight(3, shootWalkIdleMix * walkMixWeight * currentWalkRight);
   	meshSkinned->setLayerWeight(4, shootWalkIdleMix * walkMixWeight * currentWalkLeft);
   	meshSkinned->setLayerWeight(5, currentShootMix);
   
   	// 更新动画帧：为所有层设置相同帧数确保同步
   	meshSkinned->setLayerFrame(0, currentWalkIdleMixFrame);
   	meshSkinned->setLayerFrame(1, currentWalkIdleMixFrame);
   	meshSkinned->setLayerFrame(2, currentWalkIdleMixFrame);
   	meshSkinned->setLayerFrame(3, currentWalkIdleMixFrame);
   	meshSkinned->setLayerFrame(4, currentWalkIdleMixFrame);
   	// 将每层动画当前帧设置为0重新开始播放
   	meshSkinned->setLayerFrame(5, currentShootFrame);
   
   	currentWalkIdleMixFrame += moveAnimationSpeed * Game::getIFps();
   	currentShootFrame = Math::min(currentShootFrame + shootAnimationSpeed * Game::getIFps(), (float)numShootAnimationFrames);
   
   	// 平滑更新当前权重值
   	currentIdleWalkMix = Math::lerp(currentIdleWalkMix, targetIdleWalkMix, idleWalkMixDamping * Game::getIFps());
   
   	currentWalkForward = Math::lerp(currentWalkForward, targetWalkForward, walkDamping * Game::getIFps());
   	currentWalkBackward = Math::lerp(currentWalkBackward, targetWalkBackward, walkDamping * Game::getIFps());
   	currentWalkRight = Math::lerp(currentWalkRight, targetWalkRight, walkDamping * Game::getIFps());
   	currentWalkLeft = Math::lerp(currentWalkLeft, targetWalkLeft, walkDamping * Game::getIFps());
   
   	currentShootMix = Math::lerp(currentShootMix, 0.0f, shootDamping * Game::getIFps());
   }

   Build and run the application by hitting Ctrl + F5 in your IDE to make the Component System generate a property to assign the component to nodes. Close the application after running and return to UnigineEditor.在IDE中按下Ctrl + F5编译并运行应用程序，这将使组件系统生成用于组件与节点关联的property（属性）。应用程序启动后，请关闭它并返回UnigineEditor。

2. In UnigineEditor, assign the property to the hands Skinned Mesh.在UnigineEditor中，将HandAnimationController属性（property）分配给hands蒙皮网格。
3. Remove data/fps/hands/hands_animations/hands_pistol_idle.anim from the Preview Animation field of the Mesh Skinned section.从蒙皮网格部分的Preview Animation（预览动画）字段中移除data/fps/hands/hands_animations/hands_pistol_idle.anim。

4. Add animations stored in the data/fps/hands/hands_animations folder to the corresponding parameters.将data/fps/hands/hands_animations文件夹中的动画添加到对应参数。

   

5. Assign (drag and drop) the player Dummy Object to the Player Node field of the HandAnimationController component so that it could get required data from the player's first person controller to perform blending.将player Dummy Object拖拽到HandAnimationController组件的Player Node字段，使其能从player的first person controller获取所需数据执行混合。

   

6. Save all changes and run the application logic by hitting Run on the project's card in the SDK Browser to check the result.保存所有更改，然后在SDK Browser中点击项目卡片上的Run按钮运行应用程序逻辑以检查结果。