引擎体系结构

There are different approaches to setting up game architecture, ranging from all-in-one solutions, where game logic is fused with an engine, to a heap of separate modules, each of which is responsible for one part of functionality. UNIGINE is somewhere in the middle of this scale, it incorporates everything one needs to implement a game or other 3D application, except for the application logic, networking, and AI. UNIGINE includes only typical game logic, common for applications of all types, and this is done intentionally.设置游戏架构的方法多种多样，从将游戏逻辑与引擎融合在一起的多合一解决方案，到一堆单独的模块，每个模块负责功能的一部分。 Unigine处于这种规模的中间位置，它融合了实现游戏或其他3D应用程序所需的一切，除了应用程序逻辑，网络和AI。 Unigine仅包含典型的游戏逻辑，适用于所有类型的应用程序，并且是有意完成的。

This may not seem an advantage, because in order to create a game, one needs to do a great deal of programming and by themselves implement common functionality widely used in games of the required genre. However, lack of the genre-specific game logic is not so bad, as it makes UNIGINE a general-purpose library, easily re-usable in different projects. Moreover, developers are not bound to some specific genre, they can experiment with several genres at once, which is extremely difficult if a special-purpose engine is used. For example, it's difficult to make a mix of a shooter and a racing game out of an engine created solely for first-person shooters. Also, UNIGINE allows plugging of external modules, which can contain genre-specific functionality and can be re-used, too. This all makes UNIGINE a rather flexible base for a wide range of 3D applications.这似乎不是一个优势，因为要创建一个游戏，一个人需要做大量的编程工作，并自己实现所需类型的游戏中广泛使用的通用功能。但是，缺乏特定类型的游戏逻辑并没有那么糟糕，因为它使Unigine成为通用库，可以在不同项目中轻松重用。而且，开发人员不受特定类型的束缚，他们可以一次尝试多种类型，如果使用专用引擎，这将非常困难。例如，很难使用仅为第一人称射击游戏创建的引擎来组合射击游戏和赛车游戏。此外，Unigine允许插入外部模块，这些模块可以包含特定于类型的功能，并且也可以重复使用。这一切使Unigine成为了广泛的3D应用程序的相当灵活的基础。

To understand the architecture of UNIGINE is very important both for developers and for content creators. The former will know what they are allowed to do, what they can achieve, and what to expect from UNIGINE. The latter will understand how their content is going to be processed.理解Unigine的体系结构对于开发人员和内容创建者都非常重要。前者将知道他们被允许做的事情，他们可以实现的事情以及对Unigine的期望。后者将了解如何处理其内容。因此，本文简要概述了Unigine工作流程。

注意

有关Unigine工作流的更详细和面向程序员的描述，请参见文章执行序列。

The diagram below demonstrates interrelations between internal components of UNIGINE and different external entities.下图说明了Unigine内部组件与不同外部实体之间的相互关系。

Everything starts when the custom application calls UNIGINE C++ API functions. These calls are done using C++/C#. A C++ application directly calls functions of the API. A C# application uses the C# Wrapper (UnigineSharp.dll), which, in turn, uses the C Wrapper (UnigineWrapper.dll, UnigineWrapper.so) to interact with the UNIGINE API.当自定义 应用程序 调用 UNIGINE C++ API 函数时，一切都开始了。这些调用是使用 C++/C# 完成的。 C++ 应用程序直接调用API 的函数。 C# 应用程序使用 C# Wrapper (UnigineSharp.dll)，而后者又使用 C Wrapper (UnigineWrapper.dll, UnigineWrapper.so) 与 UNIGINE API 交互。

The application logic can be implemented right in the AppWorldLogic, AppSystemLogic and AppEditorLogic classes or via a set of Components using the Component System included in the API.应用程序逻辑可以直接在 AppWorldLogic, AppSystemLogic 和 AppEditorLogic 类或通过一组组件使用 API 中包含的 组件系统。

注意

C# 组件系统 是 C# Wrapper 的一部分。

The application functionality can be extended with Engine Plugins. UNIGINE provides a set of ready-to-use plugins, however, you can implement a custom one. You can also implement custom Editor Plugins that extend functionality of the UNIGINE Editor.应用程序功能可以通过引擎插件进行扩展。 UNIGINE 提供了一组即用型插件，但是，您可以实现自定义插件。您还可以实现自定义 Editor Plugins，以扩展 UNIGINE Editor 的功能。

API calls are passed to the Engine, which initializes required resources: registers extensions, loads core data, configuration files, user interface files, plugin directories. As all these resources are organized in a special data directory and, moreover, can be packed, they are loaded by means of the File System. In addition, the file system tracks the endianness of files. Note that if you add files to this directory after the initialization is completed, you need to reload the file system component.API 调用被传递给 Engine，它初始化所需的资源：注册扩展、加载核心数据、配置文件、用户界面文件、插件目录。由于所有这些资源都组织在一个特殊的数据目录中，而且可以打包，它们是通过文件系统加载的。此外，文件系统跟踪文件的字节顺序。注意，如果在初始化完成后向该目录添加文件，则需要重新加载文件系统组件。

App manages the main loop and controls the graphic context (manages events of the controls, updates window parameters).App 管理主循环并控制图形上下文（管理控件的事件，更新窗口参数）。
Render renders the scene. It needs additional resources to complete its tasks: textures, meshes, and animations. The required graphics resources are passed to the Render from the File System.Render 渲染场景。它需要额外的资源来完成其任务：纹理、网格和动画。所需的图形资源从文件系统传递给渲染器。
World loads files which are required to build the current scene, and determines the set of visible nodes, which later will be sent to the Render. The World also tells the Sound, when and how to play environmental sounds, which sources are placed somewhere in the world and have spatial properties. The World cooperates with the Physics, which performs physical calculations (collision detection, joints solving, fluid buoyancy, and so on). To put it shortly, the World does not draw objects, play sounds, or perform physical calculations on its own. Instead, it delegates these tasks to corresponding subsystems.World 加载构建当前场景所需的文件，并确定可见节点集，稍后将其发送到 Render。 World 还告诉 Sound，何时以及如何播放环境声音，哪些源放置在世界某处并具有空间属性。 World 与 Physics 合作，后者执行物理计算（碰撞检测、关节求解、流体浮力等）。简而言之，世界不会自行绘制对象、播放声音或执行物理计算。相反，它将这些任务委托给相应的子系统。
Game passes to the World (on demand) the time in seconds it took to complete the last frame. The World is updated according to the received value.Game 将完成最后一帧所用的时间（以秒为单位）传递给 World（按需）。 World 根据接收到的值进行更新。
Physics controls the simulation of physics in the World.Physics控制World中的物理模拟。
Input (Controls) handles input from the Input Devices and passes the feedback. The application can read and somehow process the obtained input, if required.Input (Controls)处理来自Input Devices的输入并传递反馈。如果需要，应用程序可以读取并以某种方式处理获得的输入。
Materials and Properties manages materials and properties. They are loaded from the File System.Materials和Properties管理材料和属性。它们是从File System加载的。
Sounds receives sounds from the File System and passes them to the Sound Card to be played.Sounds从File System接收声音，并将它们传递给Sound Card播放。
GUI draws the user interface. In UNIGINE, GUI objects can be either stand-alone or a part of the displayed virtual world. In the latter case, they are managed by the World just like other nodes. When the rendered image, possibly containing the GUI, is displayed, the user starts interacting with the world. The user can influence the world by means of various input devices. Input from these devices is sent to the GUI and to the Controls. The GUI processes the input, detects the clicked element, and executes the corresponding callback function. The Controls subsystem processes input that is not related to the GUI, for example the player's actions in the game. Note that the GUI always gets the input data before the Controls and, therefore, has a higher priority. GUI绘制用户界面。在UNIGINE中，GUI对象既可以是独立的，也可以是显示的虚拟世界的一部分。在后一种情况下，它们像其他节点一样由 World管理。当呈现的图像(可能包含GUI)显示出来时，用户开始与世界进行交互。用户可以通过各种输入设备来影响世界。来自这些设备的输入被发送到GUI和Controls。GUI处理输入，检测单击的元素，并执行相应的回调函数。Controls子系统处理与GUI无关的输入，例如玩家在游戏中的操作。注意，GUI总是在Controls之前获得输入数据，因此具有更高的优先级。

最新更新: 2022-12-14

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